Invasive Alien Species in Belgium: Ludwigia grandiflora

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Ludwigia grandiflora - Water primrose

CPS EPPO NNSS CABI RISK ANALYSIS

Synonym:	L. hexapetala, L. uruguayensis
French name:	Jussie à grandes fleurs
Dutch name:	Waterteunisbloem
Family:	Onagraceae

Group:	Vascular plants
Origin:	South America
Habitat:	freshwater
Introduction:	agri- and horticulture

ISEIA Score : 12

Naturalization in Belgium

First observation in the wild:	1983
Invasion stage:	spread
Spatial distribution:	restricted

Invasiveness

Reproduction in the wild:	yes
Dispersion potential:	high
Natural habitats:	high

More on invasiveness: L. grandiflora is an amphibious species living in ponds, lakes, ditches, channels and slow-running rivers as well as in humid meadows. It shows a high tolerance to different water levels. Its growth is favoured by water eutrophication but the plant is able to develop in oligotrophic environments. Invasive spread across watersheds is almost exclusively clonal and brought about by the dispersal of vegetative propagules by waterflow.

Distribution in Belgium

Established populations Biogeographic areas where the species is known to be established in the wild

	absent from district
	isolated populations (1-5 localities per district)
	widespread (>5 localities per district)

Endangered areas Biogeographic areas including Natura 2000 habitats that are likely to be invaded by the species (occurence of dense populations)

Biogeographic areas including Natura 2000 habitats that are likely to be invaded by the species (occurence of dense populations)

	low risk
	medium risk
	high risk

Endangered Natura 2000 habitats (

freshwater habitats:

3130 3150 3260 3270

Impacts on Species

Predation / Herbivory:	low
Competition:	high
Disease transmission:	low
Genetic effects:	unknown

Impacts on Ecosystems

Nutrient cycling:	high
Physical alteration:	high
Natural successions:	high
Food web alteration:	low

More on impacts: Water primroses are highly detrimental to the environment in Western Europe. They quickly develop and make very thick monospecific floating carpets at the surface of water bodies. They alter the physico-chemical quality of water (reduction of light and dissolved oxygen) and possess an allelopathic activity that influences the water quality throughout the year and reduces the germination and survival rates of other plant species. They outcompete most of native water plants and create an anoxic environment detrimental to many plant and animal species. In addition, they modify water flow and cause wetland drying.

Data Source & References

Authors:	Branquart Etienne, Stiers Iris, Vanderhoeven Sonia, Van Landuyt Wouter, Van Rossum Fabienne, Verloove Filip
Published on:	19 November 2007
Last update:	11 December 2013

References:

AEF (2006)

Cartes provisoires de la distribution de néophytes en Wallonie.

Unpublished document.

Bauchau, V., Lejeune, A. & Bouharmont, J. (1984)

Maintien et expansion de Ludwigia uruguayensis en Brabant.

Dumortiera 28: 8-9.

Dandelot, S. (2005)

Ecological, Dynamic and Taxonomic Problems Due to Ludwigia (Onagraceae) in France

Hydrobiologia 551 (1): 131-136.

Dandelot, S., Robles, C., Pech, N., Cazaubon, A. & Verlaque, R. (2008)

Allelopathic potential of two invasive alien Ludwigia spp.

Aquatic Botanic 88(4): 311-316.

Denys, L., Packet, J. & Van Landuyt, W. (2004)

Neofyten in het Vlaamse water : signalement van vaste waarden en rijzende sterren.

Natuur.focus 3(4): 120128.

Hussner, A. (2010)

Growth response and root system development of the invasive Ludwigia grandifl ora and Ludwigia peploides to nutrient availability and water level.

Fundam. Appl. Limnol., Arch. Hydrobiol. 177(3): 189–196.

Hussner, A. Van de Weyer, K., Gross, E.M. & Hilt, S. (2010)

Comments on increasing number and abundance of non-indigenous aquatic macrophyte species in Germany.

Weed Research, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00812.x

Lambert, E., Dutartre, A., Coudreuse, J. & Haury, J. (2010)

Relationships between the biomass production of invasive Ludwigia species and physical properties of habitats in France.

Hydrobiologia 656(1): 173-186.

Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004)

Nouvelle fore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines.

Editions du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise.

Muller, S. (2004)

Plantes invasives en France : état des connaissances et propositions d'actions.

Publication scientifique du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Patrimoines naturels n°62.

Okada, M., Grewell B.J. & Jasieniuk, M. (2009)

Clonal spread of invasive Ludwigia hexapetala and L. grandiflora in freshwater wetlands of California.

Aquatic Botany 91: 123–129.

Ruaux, B., Greulicha, S., Haury, J. & Berton, J.P. (2009)

Sexual reproduction of two alien invasive Ludwigia (Onagraceae) on the middle Loire River, France.

Aquatic Botany 90(2): 143-148.

Stiers, I., Mahy, G., Triest, L. & Saad, L. (2009)

Patterns and impact of highly invasive plant species (HIPS) on native vegetation in Belgium.

In: Branquart, E. & Segers, H. (Eds), Abstract volume of the Science facing Aliens Conference, Brussels: 17.

Stiers, S., Crohain, N., Josens, G. & Triest, L. (2009)

Impact of aquatic invasive species on native plant and benthic macro-invertebrate assemblages in Belgian ponds.

In: Branquart, E. & Segers, H. (Eds), Abstract volume of the Science facing Aliens Conference, Brussels: 52.

Thiébaut, G. (2007)

Non-indigenous aquatic and semiaquatic plant species in France.

In: F. Gherardi (Ed.), Biological invaders in inland waters: profiles, distribution and threats, Springer: 209-229.

Toussaint, B. & Bedouet, F. (2005)

Les espèces végétales invasives des milieux aquatiques et humides du bassin Artois-Picardie.

Agence de l'Eau Artois-Picardie, 38 pp.

Van Landuyt, W., Hoste, I., Vanhecke, L., Van den Bremt, P. Vercruysse, W. & De Beer, D. (2006)

Atlas van de Flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest.

Nationale Plantentuin en het Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek i.s.m. Flo.Wer vzw.

Verloove, F. (2006)

Catalogue of the Neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005).

Scripta Botanica Belgica 39, 89 pp.

Weber, E. & Gut, D. (2004)

Assessing the risk of potentially invasive plant species in central Europe.

Journal for Nature Conservation12: 171-179.