Invasive Alien Species in Belgium: Solidago canadensis

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Solidago canadensis - Canada goldenrod

NOBANIS CPS EPPO

Synonym:	Solidago altissima
French name:	Solidage du canada
Dutch name:	Canadese guldenroede
Family:	Asteraceae

Group:	Vascular plants
Origin:	North America
Habitat:	terrestrial
Introduction:	agri- and horticulture

ISEIA Score : 11

Naturalization in Belgium

First observation in the wild:	1863
Invasion stage:	spread
Spatial distribution:	widespread

Invasiveness

Reproduction in the wild:	yes
Dispersion potential:	high
Natural habitats:	medium

More on invasiveness: S. canadensis is a pioneer and light-demanding species that occurs over a wide range of soil fertility and texture conditions, with a preference for nutrient-rich soils. It is mainly found in disturbed areas like railway or road verges, abandoned fields, etc. It can also grow in forest edges, open woodlands and natural grasslands.

Distribution in Belgium

Established populations Biogeographic areas where the species is known to be established in the wild

	absent from district
	isolated populations (1-5 localities per district)
	widespread (>5 localities per district)

Endangered areas Biogeographic areas including Natura 2000 habitats that are likely to be invaded by the species (occurence of dense populations)

Biogeographic areas including Natura 2000 habitats that are likely to be invaded by the species (occurence of dense populations)

	low risk
	medium risk
	high risk

Endangered Natura 2000 habitats (

grasslands:

6430

Impacts on Species

Predation / Herbivory:	low
Competition:	high
Disease transmission:	low
Genetic effects:	medium

Impacts on Ecosystems

Nutrient cycling:	likely
Physical alteration:	medium
Natural successions:	high
Food web alteration:	low

More on impacts: S. canadensis forms extensive clones with a high shoot density that spread rapidly by vegetative lateral growth and cover large areas. It can eliminate almost all other plant species; competitive ability is favoured by allelopathic interactions. Once established, the plant may remain dominant for a long period of time and often prevents natural colonisation by woody species.

Data Source & References

Authors:	Branquart Etienne, Vanderhoeven Sonia, Van Landuyt Wouter, Van Rossum Fabienne, Verloove Filip
Published on:	05 July 2011
Last update:	05 July 2011

References:

AEF (2006)

Cartes provisoires de la distribution de néophytes en Wallonie.

Unpublished document.

Abhilasha, D., Quintana, N. & Vivanco, J. (2008)

Do allelopathic compounds in invasive Solidago canadensis s.l. restrain the native European flora?

Journal of Ecology 96: 993–1001.

Kabuce, N. (2006)

Invasive alien species fact sheet Solidago canadensis.

From online database of the North European and Baltic network on invasive alien species (NOBANIS).

Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004)

Nouvelle fore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines.

Editions du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise.

Muller, S. (2004)

Plantes invasives en France : état des connaissances et propositions d'actions.

Publication scientifique du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Patrimoines naturels n°62.

Toussaint, B. & Bedouet, F. (2005)

Les espèces végétales invasives des milieux aquatiques et humides du bassin Artois-Picardie.

Agence de l'Eau Artois-Picardie, 38 pp.

Van Landuyt, W., Hoste, I., Vanhecke, L., Van den Bremt, P. Vercruysse, W. & De Beer, D. (2006)

Atlas van de Flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest.

Nationale Plantentuin en het Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek i.s.m. Flo.Wer vzw.

Verloove, F. (2006)

Catalogue of the Neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005).

Scripta Botanica Belgica 39, 89 pp.

Weber E. (2011)

Strong regeneration ability from rhizome fragments in two invasive clonal plants (Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea)

Biological Invasions (2011) DOI 10.1007/s10530-011-9977-y

Weber, E. & Gut, D. (2004)

Assessing the risk of potentially invasive plant species in central Europe.

Journal for Nature Conservation12: 171-179.

Werner, P.A., Bradbury, I.K. and Gross, R.S. (1980)

The biology of Canadian weeds. 45. Solidago canadensis L.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science 60(4): 1393-1409.