Invasive Alien Species in Belgium: Spiraea x billardii

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Spiraea x billardii - Billard's bridewort

French name:	Spirée de billard
Dutch name:	Billardspirea
Family:	Rosaceae

Group:	Vascular plants
Origin:	North America
Habitat:	terrestrial
Introduction:	agri- and horticulture

ISEIA Score : 9

Naturalization in Belgium

First observation in the wild:	1895
Invasion stage:	spread
Spatial distribution:	restricted

Invasiveness

Reproduction in the wild:	yes
Dispersion potential:	medium
Natural habitats:	likely

More on invasiveness: Spiraea billardii is a sterile horticultural hybrid between S. alba et S. douglasii. It only reproduces clonally. It grows mainly in ruderal areas and in riparian habitats. Plant habitat preferences are poorly known so far.

Distribution in Belgium

Established populations Biogeographic areas where the species is known to be established in the wild

	absent from district
	isolated populations (1-5 localities per district)
	widespread (>5 localities per district)

Endangered areas Biogeographic areas including Natura 2000 habitats that are likely to be invaded by the species (occurence of dense populations)

Biogeographic areas including Natura 2000 habitats that are likely to be invaded by the species (occurence of dense populations)

	low risk
	medium risk
	high risk

Endangered Natura 2000 habitats (

grasslands:	6430 6510
forest habitats:	9110 9120 91E0*

Impacts on Species

Predation / Herbivory:	low
Competition:	high
Disease transmission:	low
Genetic effects:	low

Impacts on Ecosystems

Nutrient cycling:	unknown
Physical alteration:	likely
Natural successions:	likely
Food web alteration:	low

More on impacts: S. billardii is a fast-growing rhizomatous species, propagating clonally. As for other Spiraea species, it may easily form dense monospecific thickets smothering native vegetation. It is not known however if it has the capacity to inhibit plant successions like S. alba.

Data Source & References

Authors:	Branquart Etienne, Dupriez Pascal, Vanderhoeven Sonia, Van Landuyt Wouter, Van Rossum Fabienne, Verloove Filip
Published on:	13 December 2010
Last update:	16 December 2010

References:

AEF (2006)

Cartes provisoires de la distribution de néophytes en Wallonie.

Unpublished document.

Brewitt, K. (2009)

Erfassung von Neophyten im Urfttal im Nationalpark Eifel und Vorschläge für ein Maßnahmenkonzept zum Umgang mit Neophyten im Nationalpark Eifel.

Gutachten im Auftrag des Nationalparkforstamtes Eifel, Werkvertragsnummer: 25/2009.

Duvigneaud, J. (1975)

Les Spiréoidées (Rosaceae, Spiraeoidae) en Belgique et dans les régions voisines.

Natura Mosana 28: 33-55.

Lambinon, J., Delvosalle, L. & Duvigneaud, J. (2004)

Nouvelle fore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines.

Editions du Patrimoine du Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise.

Lohmeyer, W. & Sukopp, H. (2001)

Agriophyten in der Vegetation Mitteleuropas.

In: Brandes, D. (ed.) Adventivpflanzen. Beiträge zur Biologie, Vorkommen und Ausbreitungsdynamik von Archäophyten und Neophyten in Mitteleuropa, vol 8. Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig, Braunschweig, pp 179-220.

Meilleur, A. , Veronneau, H. & Bouchard, A. (1994)

Shrub communities as inhibitors of succession in Southern Quebec.

Environmental Management 18: 907-921.

Paulus, B. (2009)

Etude de la régénération et de la sélection d’habitat de trois espèces de spirées exotiques (S. alba, S. douglasii et S. xbillardii).

Travail de fin d'études, FUSAGx, 66 pp.

Van Landuyt, W., Hoste, I., Vanhecke, L., Van den Bremt, P. Vercruysse, W. & De Beer, D. (2006)

Atlas van de Flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest.

Nationale Plantentuin en het Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek i.s.m. Flo.Wer vzw.

Verloove, F. (2006)

Catalogue of the Neophytes in Belgium (1800-2005).

Scripta Botanica Belgica 39, 89 pp.